For light weight atoms such as hydrogen (H), however, magnitude of this parameter might be not negligible. Most of the studies addressed to computations of hydrogen parameters in semiconductor systems, such as silicon, are performed at zero temperature T = 0 K and do not account for contribution of vibrational zero point energy ( ZPE). Vibrational zero point energy for H-doped silicon The speed of light is the speed of the wave front in the ZPE and its value is a function of the temperature and density of the ZPE. High velocity micro vortices of ZPE particles about a basic particle or particles are responsible for electromagnetic forces. Helium atoms resonate with ZPE particles at low temperature to produce superfluid helium. Eddies of ZPE particles created by flow around mass bodies reduce the pressure normal to the eddy flow and are responsible for the force of gravity.
The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that the density of the ZPE is given by the gravity constant (G) and the characteristics of its particles are revealed by the cosmic microwave background (CMB). Today zero point energy ( ZPE) is accepted as an established condition. Other investigators, including Lamb, Casimir, and Dirac added to this information. When Planck introduced the 1/2 hv term to his 1911 black body equation he showed that there is a residual energy remaining at zero degree K after all thermal energy ceased.
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